![]() ![]() The way one-on-one interactions and communications behave. The people with the most toys win, and they will change the rules of the game to keep winning.ĭoes education transmit only the dominant certain cultures? The way inequities and inequalities contribute to social, political, and power differences and how they perpetuate power. How does education work to transmit culture? How each organ works to keep your body healthy (or not.) ![]() ![]() The way each part of society functions together to contribute to the functioning of the whole. Different sociological perspectives enable sociologists to view social issues through a variety of useful lenses. Table 1. Sociological Theories or Perspectives. Three paradigms have come to dominate sociological thinking, because they provide useful explanations: structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Paradigms are philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them. In sociology, a few theories provide broad perspectives that help explain many different aspects of social life, and these are called paradigms. Classic sociological theories are still considered important and current, but new sociological theories build upon the work of their predecessors and add to them (Calhoun 2002). Sociological theory is constantly evolving and should never be considered complete. Grand theories attempt to explain large-scale relationships and answer fundamental questions such as why societies form and why they change. Macro-level theories relate to large-scale issues and large groups of people, while micro-level theories look at very specific relationships between individuals or small groups. Theories vary in scope depending on the scale of the issues that they are meant to explain. ![]() Theories can be used to create a testable proposition, called a hypothesis, about society (Allan 2006). Thirty years ago, structural-functionalism (or simply, functionalism) occupied a central. The task is unique because unlike the remaining theory chapters, we consider a framework that has become virtually obsolete throughout general sociology (Coleman, 1990). A sociological theory seeks to explain social phenomena. Our task in this chapter is unique and thus extraordinarily challenging. Sociologists study social events, interactions, and patterns, and they develop a theory in an attempt to explain why things work as they do. Sociologists develop theories to explain social occurrences such as protest rallies. Merton: An American sociologist, Merton’s idea of functionalism had to do with standardized social/cultural beliefs that were functional for both society and the individual.Figure 1.
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